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Article: Sylvia 39/2003




Weidinger K.: Nest success – definition, estimate and analysis abstract PDF 1-24
Remeš V.: Breeding biology of the Blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) in the Czech Republic: an analysis of nest record cards abstract PDF 25-34
Drdáková M.: Breeding biology of the Tengmalm’s Owl (Aegolius funereus) in air-pollution damaged areas of the Krušné hory Mts. abstract PDF 35-51
Paclík M., Holub A., Krausová H. & Hampl R.: Level of knowledge of bird fauna of the Bohdaneč fishpond in the years 1995–2002 – was the research sufficient? abstract PDF 53-66
Lešo P.: Breeding bird communities of two succession stages of young oak forests abstract PDF 67-78
Hořák D., Procházka P., Cepák J. & Zárybnický J.: Movements of Bearded Tits (Panurus biarmicus) in the Czech Republic and Slovakia abstract PDF 79-94
Trnka A.: Effect of weather on the mass postbreeding occurrence of the Moustached Warbler (Acrocephalus melanopogon) in Slovakia in 2001 abstract PDF 95-105
Fišerová J., Musil P. & Šizling A. L.: Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) habitat preference in breeding season in the Třeboňsko Biosphere Reserve abstract PDF 107-118
Kurz A. & Musil P.: Numbers and habitat preference in the Crow (Corvus corone) and the Magpie (Pica pica) in the Třeboň region, southern Bohemia abstract PDF 119-131
Mlíkovský J.: Eggs of extinct aepyornithids (Aves: Aepyornithidae) of Madagascar: size and taxonomic identity abstract PDF 133-138
Šuhaj J., Polášek Z., Stolarczyk J., Rusek K. & Jakubec M.: Goosander (Mergus merganser) – new regularly breeding species in the Czech Republic abstract PDF 139-150
Chytil J.: First confirmed (historical) breeding of the Waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus) in the Czech Republic abstract PDF 151-154
Stolarczyk J., Slamják P. & Hudeček J. J.: First record of the Eleonora’s Falcon (Falco eleonorae) in the Czech Republic abstract PDF 155-157
Profiles of Czech Ornithologists - Karel Kněžourek PDF 158-159
Book review PDF 160-172
Species index for volume 39 PDF 173-174
Instructions for authors 175-176


Abstracts

Weidinger K. 2003: Nest success – definition, estimate and analysis. Sylvia 39: 1–24.

The paper summarises various definitions of nest success and its relationship to other characteristics of reproductive success. The “traditional” method and various modifications of the “Mayfield” method of estimating nest success are discussed in detail, including assumptions, applicability to various types of data, handling of different nest fates, assessing exposure period, parameter estimating and methods of subsequent statistical analysis of survival rates. A brief overview of advanced nest survival models is given. Finally, practical implications for data collection, analysis and presentation are summarised.

Address: Ornitologická laboratoř, PřF UP, tř. Svobody 26, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; e-mail: weidingprfnw.upol.cz


Remeš V. 2003: Breeding biology of the Blackap (Sylvia atricapilla) in the Czech Republic: an analysis of nest record cards. Sylvia 39: 25–34.

Nest record cards schemes can produce valuable data on breeding biology of many bird species. In this study, nest record cards of the Blackcap (n = 232; n = 180 for active nests) from a national nest record cards scheme run on the territory of the Czech Republic in 1945–1983, are analysed. Average age of the found nest was 8.5 days. Median nest initiation date was 16 May. Daily mortality rate of nests was 0.9799 and did not differ between egg-laying, incubation, and nestling phases. Nesting success was 57.4%, hatchability 93.4%, and partial losses occurred in 17.7% of nests. The nests were found on 40 different supporting plant species. Clutch size averaged 4.78 eggs and nest height 1.09 m. Both clutch size and nest height decreased within season. Clutch size did not differ among years, whereas nest height increased. Year, season, and nest height had no influence on nest survival. Nest record cards can produce valuable information on breeding biology of birds, which is of particular importance with regard to a new nest record cards scheme in the Czech Republic.

Address: Ornitologická laboratoř, Univerzita Palackého, tř. Svobody 26, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; e-mail: remesprfnw.upol.cz


Drdáková M. 2003: Breeding biology of the Tengmalm’s Owl (Aegolius funereus) in air-pollution damaged areas of the Krušné hory Mts. Sylvia 39: 35–51.

In total, 100 nestboxes suitable for breeding of the Tengmalm’s Owl were checked in the study area of 70 km2 situated in the air-pollution damaged parts of the Krušné hory Mts., in the breeding seasons 1999–2001. Breeding biology of the species was studied in detail in 2000–2001. During the study period, altogether 42 breeding females were found in nestboxes. While 10 pairs bred in nestboxes each year in 1999–2000, there were 22 pairs in 2001. A different abundance of small terrestrial mammals was recorded between the years 2000 and 2001, affecting the number of breeding females, initiation of nesting and clutch size. On the other hand, food availability did not have any effect on the egg volume (size), number of hatchlings and fledglings per nest or the percentage of successfully finished nesting attempts. Intra-seasonal variation of air temperature was also recorded, probably influencing the incubation length.

Address: Lesnická fakulta ČZU, katedra ekologie, Kamýcká 1176, CZ-165 21 Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic; e-mail: m.drdakovaseznam.cz


Paclík M., Holub A., Krausová H. & Hampl R. 2003: Level of knowledge of bird fauna of the Bohdaneč fishpond in the years 1995–2002 – was the research sufficient? Sylvia 39: 53–66.

The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of bird fauna of the Bohdaneč fishpond in the years 1995–2002 and to discuss potential gaps of the faunistic research. In total, 185 species have been recorded, 78 of them as breeding. Based on the relationship between the effort and the results, the following faunistic methods are evaluated: observation, quantitative research and netting. The biggest number of records per an effort unit were obtained by quantitative research, the smallest by observation. The effort, distributed quite unevenly, had the biggest effect on the obtained number of records in netting, the smallest in observation. The number of recorded species can be explained by the effort best in the quantitative methods, worst in netting. Recommendations for good-quality research of bird fauna are given in the paper, such as the necessity of proper distribution of field effort in space and time. The assessment of the level of knowledge of bird fauna is considered to be an important step towards targeted research.

Address: Dolany 90, CZ-533 45, Czech Republic; e-mail: martin.paclikpost.sk; Poděbradova 405, CZ-500 02 Hradec Králov, Czech Republic; e-mail: aloisholubatlas.cz; Jungmanova 1443, CZ-500 02 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; e-mail: Krausova-Hseznam.cz; Ornitologická laboratoř PřF UP, tř. Svobody 26, CZ-771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; e-mail: hamplprfnw.upol.cz


Lešo P. 2003: Breeding bird communities of two succession stages of young oak forests. Sylvia 39: 67–78.

Census of breeding birds was carried out in three oak stands in the stage of the thicket (plot 1, 17 years old) and the small pole (plots 2 and 3, 27 years old with single seed trees) in 1996–1998 using the combined mapping method. The number of species varied from 19 (plot 2) to 24 (plot 3). Robin (Erithacus rubecula) was the dominant species in all study plots. Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), Lesser Whitethroat (Sylvia curruca), Dunnock (Prunella modularis), Long-tailed Tit (Aegithalos caudatus), Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio) and Yellowhammer (Emberiza citrinella) were considered to be typical of the oak thicket. Species occurring commonly in mature broad-leaved forests were also found in the small pole stands. The mean density reached 60.6 pairs/10 ha in the thicket and 26.4–30.7 pairs/10 ha in the small pole stands. Comparing the structure of two small pole stands, the higher number of 200-year old seed trees induced two times higher abundance of hole nesters.

Address: Lesnícka fakulta Technickej univerzity vo Zvolene, katedra ochrany lesa a poľovníctva, Masarykova 20, SK-960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia; e-mail: lesovsld.tuzvo.sk


Hořák D., Procházka P., Cepák J. & Zárybnický J. 2003: Movements of Bearded Tits (Panurus biarmicus) in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Sylvia 39: 79–94.

A total of 360 ringing recoveries of Bearded Tits (Panurus biarmicus) ringed or recovered on the territory of the Czech Republic and Slovakia during 1934–2001 were analysed with respect to their natal philopatry, site fidelity, movements, age and mate fidelity. Migration system of the Bearded Tit has a complicated pattern, some individuals are sedentary, others migrate to winter in other areas. Several recoveries confirm breeding and wintering site fidelity. Some birds, however, changed their breeding grounds. The Czech Republic and Slovakia are used as wintering grounds by Bearded Tits both from the north (Germany, Poland) and the south (Hungary). The oldest male was controlled at its breeding site after six years. A couple of recoveries document mate fidelity in the Bearded Tit not only in the subsequent breeding seasons, but also in the non-breeding period and during movements. Mate fidelity could be an advantageous adaptation to colonisation of new breeding sites. The results of the analysis of ringing recoveries show that the subspecies biarmicus and russicus come into contact in Central Europe.

Address: Přírodovědecká fakulta UK, katedra zoologie, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Cyech Republic; e-mail: horakdcentrum.cz; Ústav biologie obratlovců AV ČR, Květná 8, CZ-603 65 Brno, Cyech Republic; e-mail: prochazkaivb.cz; Kroužkovací stanice Národního muzea, Hornoměcholupská 34, CZ-102 00 Praha 10, Cyech Republic; e-mail: birdringczpvol.cz; Agentura ochrany přírody a krajiny ČR, Kališnická 4–6, CZ-130 00 Praha 3, Cyech Republic; e-mail: zarybnickynature.cz


Trnka A. 2003: The effect of weather on the mass postbreeding occurrence of the Moustached Warbler (Acrocephalus melanopogon) in Slovakia in 2001. Sylvia 39: 95–105.

In total, 205 individuals of the Moustached Warbler were mist-netted during the postbreeding period 2001 in SW Slovakia which represents 78% of the total number of birds recorded in this region in 1982–2000. Besides such a mass occurrence, the species appears in the postbreeding period regularly but only in low numbers. Based on analysis of meteorological and capture data and also other factors, a mass postbreeding occurrence of this species was affected above all by an unusually warm and dry weather with prevailing southwesterly winds in the beginning and the 2nd half of August. Further, the capture data of Moustached Warbler obtained in 2001 were analysed with regard to seasonal dynamics, stopover duration and movement patterns in this paper.

Address: Pedagogická fakulta Trnavskej univerzity, katedra biológie, Priemyselná 4, P. O. Box 9, SK-918 43 Trnava, Slovakia; e-mail: atrnkatruni.sk


Fišerová J., Musil P. & Šizling A. L. 2003: Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) – habitat preference in breeding season in the Třeboňsko Biosphere Reserve. Sylvia 39: 107–118.

Habitat selection by the Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) was studied on fishponds in the Třeboňsko Biosphere Reserve (southern Bohemia, Czech Republic) in the years 1999–2001. The studied fishponds were categorised as breeding sites, moulting sites and the other fishponds. The effect of the following parameters was investigated: water surface area, mean depth of the fishpond, shoreline length, area and relative area of littoral vegetation, proportion of open habitats in the surroundings, degree of isolation of the fishpond, water transparency, age of dominant fish cohort. Fishponds of medium size (water surface area, area of littoral vegetation, mean depth, shoreline length) with younger fish cohort, big relative area of littoral vegetation, with higher proportion of open habitats in the surroundings and more isolated from other fishponds were preferred as breeding sites. Large fishponds (water surface area, area of littoral vegetation, mean depth, shoreline length) with older fish cohort and smaller relative are of littoral vegetation were used as moulting sites. Moulting sites were less isolated fishponds than breeding sites, but they were more isolated than the other fishponds. Fishponds used as breeding sites and those used as moulting sites differed in water surface area, shoreline length, area of littoral vegetation and the degree of isolation of the fishpond.

Address: Přírodovědecká fakulta UK, katedra zoologie, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic; email: jindra.fiserovapost.cz; Přírodovědecká fakulta UK, katedra filosofie a dějin přírodních věd, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic; e-mail: arnost.l.sizlingseznam.cz


Kurz A. & Musil P. 2003: Numbers and habitat preference in the Crow (Corvus corone) and the Magpie (Pica pica) in the Třeboň region, southern Bohemia. Sylvia 39: 119–131.

The study of seasonal changes in numbers and habitat preference of the Magpie (Pica pica) and the Crow (Corvus corone) was carried out at 19 census points in the Třeboň Biosphere Reserve (southern Bohemia, Czech Republic) from March till November in 2001 and 2002. In total, 151 Magpie individuals, 207 individuals of the Carrion Crow (C. c. corone), 271 individuals of the Hooded Crow (C. c. cornix) and 27 not-identified Crows. Numbers of the Magpie slightly fluctuated during the season. Numbers of the Crow culminated remarkably in the post-breeding period (July–September) when larger flocks of Hooded Crows were recorded in open farmland. The Carrion Crow was slightly more abundant than the Hooded Crow in April to June and in November. Smaller groups of Crows (up to 6 individuals) preferred diversified landscape with higher proportion of woodland and water bodies. The Magpies preferred urban habitats.

Address: Bečvářova 136/10, CZ-100 00 Praha 10, Czech Republic; e-mail: kurzph.cizp.cz; Přírodovědecká fakulta UK, katedra zoologie, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic; e-mail: p.musilpost.cz


Mlíkovský J. 2003: Eggs of extinct aepyornithids (Aves: Aepyornithidae) of Madagascar: size and taxonomic identity. Sylvia 39: 133–138. (english with czech cummary)

The fossil record of extinct aepyornithids (Aepyornithidae) known from the late Quaternary comprises, apart from osteological material, a number of eggshells. Almost 50 complete eggs have been delivered from Madagascar to Europe and the USA. For 43 eggs, the measurements of which were available, statistical evaluation has revealed that (1) all the eggs are referable to a single aepyornithid species Aepyornis maximus Geoffroy-Saint-Hilaire, 1851, (2) average egg measurements of the species are 302.7 × 223.6 mm, (3) egg length ranges between 264–340 mm and (4) egg width ranges between 194–245 mm.

Address: Zoologické oddělení Národního muzea, Václavské nám. 68, CZ-115 79 Praha 1, Czech republic; e-mail: mlikovskysendme.cz


Šuhaj J., Polášek P., Stolarczyk J., Rusek K. & Jakubec M. 2003: Goosander (Mergus merganser) - new regularly breeding species in the Czech Republic. Sylvia 39: 139–150.

The Oder and Olza rivers, included in the proposed SPA (Special Protection Area) Heřmanský stav – Odra – Poolzí, are the only regular breeding area of the Goosander (Mergus merganser) in the Czech Republic. The first occurrence in the breeding season was recorded in the 1970s and 80s, a regularly breeding population was established in the second half of the 1990s – the first breeding was proved in 1999. The size of the breeding population was estimated at 7–10 pairs in 2002 (breeding of 7 pairs was evidenced). In two cases, a female with the young coming from clutches of two females (14 and 21 pull.) were observed. The results of our observations on the Oder and Olza rivers can be considered a part of the expansion of the species’ range in Central Europe, which might connect the Alpine and the remaining European populations in the future.

Address: Svatopluka Čecha 1075, CZ-735 81 Bohumín 1, Czech Republic; e-mail: suhajjseznam.cz; Kollárova 3, CZ-736 01 Havířov-Bludovice, Czech Republic; e-mail: zdenus.pseznam.cz; Svatoplukova 13, CZ-700 30 Ostrava-Zábřeh, Czech Republic; e-mail: georgus.svolny.cz; Dolní Marklovice 256, CZ-735 72 Petrovice u Karviné, Czech Republic; U dvoru 8, CZ-709 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic


Chytil J. 2003: First confirmed (historical) breeding of the Waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus) in the Czech Republic. Sylvia 39: 151–154.

During his work on the archives of Otto Kadlec, Jiří Prášil found an original letter from Libor Chaloupka, a ringer. This letter informed O. Kadlec about a breeding pair of Waxwings in a park in Smilkov, Central Bohemia. Two nestlings were ringed at the nest on August15, 1941, before fledging. The original list of ringed birds of L. Chaloupka from 1941 was found in the archives of the PRAHA Ringing Centre. The Czech Rarities Committee considered and discussed all the circumstances relating to this record (unusual time, location of the nest, adults’ behaviour, description of the nest and birds, etc.) and approved it as the first confirmed breeding of this species in the Czech Republic.

Address: Správa CHKO a BR Pálava, Náměstí 32, CZ-692 01 Mikulov, Czech Republic; e-mail: jchytilschkocr.cz


Stolarczyk J., Slamják P. & Hudeček J. J. 2003: First record of the Eleonora’s Falcon (Falco eleonorae) in the Czech Republic. Sylvia 39: 155–157.

An adult of the Eleonora’s Falcon (Falco eleonorae) was observed in Ostrava-Heřmanice on April 29, 2000. This has been the first record of this species in Czech Republic. The observation was accepted by the Czech Rarities Committee (FK 09/2000).

Address: Svatoplukova 13, CZ-700 30 Ostrava-Zábřeh, Czech Republic; e-mail: georgus.svolny.cz; Jubilejní 29, CZ-700 30 Ostrava-Hrabůvka, Czech Republic; Hraniční 230, CZ-742 83 Klimkovice, Czech Republic

24.12.2006
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