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Článek: Sylvia 46/2010






Editorial PDF
Matysioková B.: Incubation feeding in birds abstract PDF 228 kB 3–21
Schröpfer L., Hudec K. & Vačkař J.: Irruption of the Bohemian Waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus) in the Czech Republic in winter 2008/09 abstract PDF 1.5 MB23–40
Král M.: Breeding biology and long-term phenological trends in the Eurasian Nuthatch (Sitta europaea) in the Nízký Jeseník Mts. abstract PDF 624 kB41–52
Čech P.: Length of the breeding season in the Common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) in the Czech Republic abstract PDF 241 kB53–61
Král M. & Krause F.: Extreme phenological data on the Collared Flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) in two habitats in Moravia abstract PDF 338 kB63–69
Koleček J., Paclík M., Weidinger K. & Reif J.: Abundance and species richness of birds in two lowland riverine forests in Central Moravia – possibilities for analyses of point-count data abstract PDF 344 kB71–85
Reif J. & Marhoul P.: Birds in abandoned military training sites in the Czech Republic: species composition and conservation value abstract PDF 339 kB87–105
Chytil J., Poprach K. & Haluzík M.: Migration patterns of the Czech population of the Mediterranean Gull (Larus melanocephalus) abstract PDF 584 kB107–123
Jamriška J., Lučeničová T. & Baláž M.: Host spectrum of bird blow flies of the genus Protocalliphora Hough, 1899 (Diptera, Calliphoridae) in Slovakia abstract PDF 158 kB125–132
O’Brien R. C., Larcombe A., Meyer J., Forbes S. L. & Dadour I.: The scavenging behaviour of the Australian Raven (Corvus coronoides): patterns and influencing factors abstract PDF 561 kB133–148
Mlíkovský J.: On historical records of Turdus pallidus and Turdus obscurus (Aves: Turdidae) from the Czech Republic abstract PDF 249 kB149–156
Souček J.: The Three-toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts., the Czech Republic abstract PDF 143 kB157–161
Mlíkovský J.: A 17th century record of the Pied Avosett (Recurvirostra avosetta) from Bohemia abstract PDF 121 kB163–164
Pavel V. & Chutný B.: An interesting source of colour leg rings for birds abstract PDF 163 kB165–169
Beran V., Neubauer G. & Zagalska-Neubauer M: First proven case of a backcross hybrid between the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) and the Caspian Gull (Larus cachinnans) in the Czech Republic abstract PDF 195 kB171–177
Vavřík M.: Rare birds in the Czech Republic in 2009 PDF 237 kB179–193
Vavřík M.: Rare birds in the Czech Republic in 2004–2006 PDF 183 kB195–211
Profiles of Czech ornithologists – Otta Kadlec PDF 116 kB213
Book Reviews PDF 142 kB214–219
Erratum PDF 102 kB220–221

Abstracts

Matysioková B. 2010: Incubation feeding in birds. Sylvia 46: 3–21.

Incubation feeding is a behaviour whereby the male feeds his mate during incubation. This behaviour occurs in several groups of birds, most often in hornbills, raptors, owls, parrots and songbirds. This review presents all hypotheses proposed to explain the function of incubation feeding and summarises published studies dealing with this behaviour in birds. First, I summarise the factors that have an influence on the rate of incubation feeding. These include territory quality, female condition, male characteristics, risk of predation, ambient temperature, time of day, date, clutch size, age of the clutch and social structure. Moreover, there are factors which are affected by incubation feeding. These include nest attentiveness, risk of predation, female condition, length of incubation period and reproductive success. Incubation feeding was mostly negatively correlated with ambient temperature and the risk of nest depredation and positively with female nest attentiveness. However, most of the studies included in this review are correlational and thus it is difficult to infer causal relationships between individual behavioural, phenotypic, and environmental characteristics.

Address: Katedra zoologie a Ornitologická laboratoř PřF, Univerzita Palackého, tř. Svobody 26, CZ-771 46 Olomouc; e-mail: betyneccentrum.cz

Schröpfer L., Hudec K. & Vačkař J. 2010: Irruption of the Bohemian Waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus) in the Czech Republic in winter 2008/09. Sylvia 46: 23–40.

An irruption of Bohemian Waxwings (Bombycilla garrulus) into the Czech Republic took place in the winter of 2008/2009. The first birds were observed on 9 October; a mass irruption began on 16 November. The maximum number of Waxwings and records occurred between 26 December and 19 January, a rapid decrease was followed by a new increase during the first half of February. Later on the numbers declined gradually and the last Waxwings were recorded on 5 May. The irruption was observed all over the Czech Republic, local differences in the numbers may have been due to a varying number of reports. The shifts of Waxwing numbers suggest a probable origin of the irruption in the northeast of Europe, as indicated by the finding of a Waxwing ringed in the south of Finland. The majority of observations were made in cultural landscape, including cities, at the elevations below 800 m a. s. l., only one record was reported from 1100 m a. s. l. Most of the birds (91.2%) were recorded in flocks of 6–500 birds; of them 64.2% in flocks of 16–100 birds; large flocks estimated at 2,000 birds were recorded three times. The flock size increased till February / March due to concentration of birds on declining food sources. Their diet comprised 24 plant species, the bulk consisting of apples, common mistletoe berries, rowanberries, rose hips, yellow mistletoe berries and hawthorn fruits. The diet composition varied during winter, the consumption of rowanberries being replaced by increasing shares of apples and later also common and yellow mistletoe berries.

Address: Holýšovský ornitologický klub, Husova 302, CZ-345 62 Holýšov, e-mail: schropferoaplzen.cz

Král M. 2010: Breeding biology and long-term phenological trends in the Eurasian Nuthatch (Sitta europaea) in the Nízký Jeseník Mts. Sylvia 46: 41–52.

I present data on breeding performance and long-term phenological trends of the Eurasian Nuthatch (Sitta europaea), breeding in nest boxes in mixed deciduous forests dominated by the Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea) and Common Beech (Fagus sylvatica) in N Moravia, in 1973–2009. During this period I recorded 439 breeding events, with a known clutch initiation date and clutch size for 360 and 372 cases, respectively. The average breeding density was 0.43 (range 0.06–0.96) breeding pairs per hectare. Among years, the first-egg-laying dates varied between 27 March and 29 April. The mean first-egg-laying date for first clutches was 15 April (with replacement clutches included: 16 April). During 1973–2009 the first-egg-laying dates advanced by 7.8 days; when replacement and second clutches included, the egg-laying dates advanced by 6.8 days. The mean clutch size was 7.25 (annual range 6.00–8.08) eggs (7.21 eggs, when replacement clutches included). During 1973–2009 the mean clutch size increased by 0.86 egg. Successful nests produced on average 6.10 fledglings and the breeding success was 76.9% (percentage of fledged nests from the original number of initiated clutches).

Address: Valšův Důl 504, CZ-78386 Dlouhá Loučka; e-mail: kral.flycatcherseznam.cz

Čech P. 2010: Length of the breeding season in the Common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) in the Czech Republic. Sylvia 46: 53–61.

The paper brings new recent data on the breeding season in the Common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) in the Czech Republic. The study carried out in different parts of the country showed that the breeding season in the Common Kingfisher is longer than given in the literature. Occupation of breeding territories and digging of new or adjustment of old burrows was recorded already in early March. Egg laying can be started at the beginning of the second ten-day period of March. Feeding of the young in burrows was observed as late as at the end of September. In the Czech Republic, breeding season of the Common Kingfisher thus lasts from early March till late September. The cases of late breeding are related to pairs which laid four clutches during the season, but also to those who had only two or three clutches. During subsequent breeding events, egg laying and incubation of the new clutch can occur in the same burrow where the young from the previous clutch are being reared, or in a new burrow, or at a new breeding site to which the pair had moved. Incubation can be started already before the last egg is laid. The juveniles are then unevenly developed; the youngest can leave the burrow up to eight days after their older siblings had fledged.

Address: 02/19 ZO ČSOP Alcedo, Blanická 1299, CZ-258 01 Vlašim; e-mail: pavelcechtiscali.cz

Král M. & Krause F. 2010: Extreme phenological data on the Collared Flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis) in two habitats in Moravia. Sylvia 46: 63–69.

We present data on extreme phenological events (arrival dates, timing of breeding) in the Collared Flycatcher (Ficedula albicollis), collected during our long-term field studies at two sites in Moravia, Czech Republic. At the site in a floodplain forest in S Moravia, 156 m a.s.l., the earliest / mean / latest dates during 1988–2009 were: arrival dates of first males: 5 April / 13 April / 22 April; first-egg-laying date: 14 April / 26 April / 2 May; mean first-egg-laying date of first clutches: 28 April / 2 May / 7 May. The largest annual mean clutch size was 6.87 eggs (long-term mean: 6.57 eggs). At the second site, located in mixed deciduous forests in N Moravia (Nízký Jeseník Mts.), 300–500 m a.s.l, the extreme events during 1988–2009 were: arrival dates of first males: 9 April / 20 April / 30 April; first-egg-laying date: 20 April / 2 May / 12 May; and mean first-egg-laying date of first clutches: 2 May / 8 May / 15 May. The largest annual mean clutch size was 6.69 eggs (long-term mean: 6.30 eggs). The earliest arrival and first-egg-laying dates were recorded at both study sites in 2009.

Address: Valšův Důl 504, CZ-78386 Dlouhá Loučka; e-mail: kral.flycatcherseznam.cz

Koleček J., Paclík M., Weidinger K. & Reif J. 2010: Abundance and species richness of birds in two lowland riverine forests in Central Moravia – possibilities for analyses of point-count data. Sylvia 46: 71–85.

We analysed the point-count data on birds in two floodplain forests in Central Moravia, Czech Republic (Království near the Grygov village and Žebračka near the Přerov town) in the years 2007 and 2008. We compared qualitative and quantitative characteristics of bird communities between the two sites and between two breeding seasons. We also searched for patterns in the number of counted birds in relation to time of the day and for relationship between habitat parameters and occurrence of birds. Finally, we discuss the methodological background of bird census techniques used in this study. In total, we found 68 bird species. More species were observed in the Království forest probably due to its larger area and higher habitat diversity. Mean species abundance on the occupied points was positively correlated with species occupancy. Point count is one of the most widely used census methods, but its potential, in terms of possible biological conclusions on bird communities, is not fully exploited by ornithologists. In this paper, we draw attention to several well-known but underused methods and analytical procedures, such as the rarefaction method for comparing species richness among sites, analysing bird-habitat relationship and estimating bird density from the point-count data.

Address: Katedra zoologie a Ornitologická laboratoř PřF, Univerzita Palackého, tř. Svobody 26, CZ-771 46 Olomouc; e-mail: j.kolecekemail.cz

Reif J. & Marhoul P. 2010: Birds in abandoned military training sites in the Czech Republic: species composition and conservation value. Sylvia 46: 87–105.

Birds breeding in open habitats have been declining throughout Europe, probably due to agricultural intensification and habitat loss. Abandoned military training sites can serve as important refuges for these species. This study summarizes results of our survey in 42 small-sized abandoned military training sites in the Czech Republic. At each site, we mapped occurrence of all birds during two visits in the breeding season of 2009. Based on these data, we calculated species richness of the particular sites, overall density of each species at the occupied sites and assessed habitat requirements of the species. The highest densities were recorded in species associated with dense scrubland (Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus, Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla, Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella). The species-richest sites were dominated by forest. However, the most remarkable bird communities were found at sites with scarce scrub and tree cover. Such sites were characterized by high abundance of the Corn Bunting (Miliaria calandra) or Woodlark (Lullula arborea) and presence of the Stonechat (Saxicola torquata), Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) or Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus). Therefore, succession of scrubland and forests at the abandoned military training sites reduces their value as refuges for open habitat birds. To maintain importance of these sites, we recommend (i) that their conservation value is recognised by governmental conservation authorities and an adequate level of their legal protection is established to prevent building activities; (ii) to block succession vegetation changes using even some unusual management tools such as motocross or tourism.

Address: Daphne ČR – Institut aplikované ekologie, Slezská 125, CZ-130 00 Praha 3, e-mail: jirireifyahoo.com

Chytil J., Poprach K. & Haluzík M. 2010: Migration patterns of the Czech population of the Mediterranean Gull (Larus melanocephalus). Sylvia 46: 107–123.

The study summarises ringing and recovery data obtained in the Mediterranean Gull (Larus melanocephalus) in the Czech Republic. Until May 2009, a total of 222 birds were ringed (177 juveniles and 45 adults). Colour rings were used in 116 of these juveniles and in 35 of the adults. At least one recovery was obtained in 81 individuals (i. e. 36%), with the figure for adults being 74%. The total number of recoveries is 556. The Mediterranean Gull is a specific species in which a very high number of recoveries comes from resightings of colour-ringed birds (here more than 95%). The Czech birds leave their breeding sites at the end of July, with adults departing about 2 weeks earlier than young birds. They head mainly westwards, i.e. to the Atlantic coast of western and southwestern Europe. The most distant recoveries come from Ireland and southern Portugal. Breeding site fidelity is low. The highest number of foreign-ringed birds recovered in the Czech Republic comes from Poland (8) and Slovakia (4). We found different migration routes and wintering areas for birds from the same breeding site. Four cases document that migration routes of the Mediterranean Gull follow the valleys of large rivers. The oldest bird recovered was at least 16 years and 11 months old.

Address: ORNIS, Muzeum Komenského v Přerově, Horní nám. 7, CZ-750 11 Přerov; e-mail: chytilprerovmuzeum.cz

Jamriška J., Lučeničová T. & Baláž M. 2010: Host spectrum of bird blow flies of the genus Protocalliphora Hough, 1899 (Diptera, Calliphoridae) in Slovakia. Sylvia 46: 125–132.

The larvae of bird blow flies are obligatory hematophagous parasites with a wide range of altricial bird hosts. They mostly parasitize cavity-nesting birds and can cause serious damage to nestlings. In our study we analysed 248 bird nests from 37 localities in Slovakia, and recorded 22 avian host species of Protocalliphora flies from 24 localities in Slovakia. We present here the host spectrum of bird blow flies in Slovakia, with fourteen new hosts for Slovakia and four of them being also new hosts for the European region.

Address: Ústav parazitologie, Fakulta veterinárního lékařství, Veterinární a farmaceutická univerzita Brno, Palackého 1–3, CZ-612 42 Brno; e-mail: jamriskafns.uniba.sk

O’Brien R. C., Larcombe A., Meyer J., Forbes S. L. & Dadour I. 2010: The scavenging behaviour of the Australian Raven (Corvus coronoides): patterns and influencing factors. Sylvia 46: 133–148.

The Australian Raven (Corvus coronoides) is a widespread, abundant corvid which is often considered a pest species, due to the thought that it predates on livestock, ruin crops, and is often seen feeding on refuse, in both urban and rural areas. The species is known to feed on a range of material from seeds in ploughed fields to human refuse and decomposing organic material. A large proportion of its diet consists of carrion, and as such, the Australian Raven is an effective detrivorous species capable of removing and consuming dead and decomposing carcasses. This research examined the scavenging pattern of the Australian Raven on domestic pig (Sus scrofa) carcasses at four different locations surrounding Perth, Western Australia. Domestic pig carcasses were sacrificed and placed in outdoor environments and the carcasses were filmed using infrared cameras with time-lapse image capture. The number of feeding events, length of feeding, material being fed upon, and associated weather data were recorded. Furthermore, the influences of location, season and life cycle of the Australian Raven on scavenging behaviour is examined. It was found that raven scavenging intensity was greatest during spring and as an omnivore there was significantly higher feeding on both flesh and insects in one event than either material on its own.

Address: Forensic Science Institute, University of Central Oklahoma, Box 203, 100 North University Drive, Edmond, OK 73034 USA; e-mail: robrien2uco.edu

Mlíkovský J. 2010: On historical records of Turdus pallidus and Turdus obscurus (Aves: Turdidae) from the Czech Republic. Sylvia 46: 149–156.

Five 19th-century records of Turdus pallidus and Turdus obscurus from the Czech Republic were reported in literature. My revision of the published data, archival documents and museum specimens showed that only two specimens reported by Palliardi (1852), i.e. those collected by Wenzel Koch at Ehmet in westernmost Bohemia, probably during 1845–1851, can be accepted as probable records of Turdus obscurus. All other records (Amerling 1852, Pražák 1893) are invalid for various reasons.

Address: Department of Zoology, National Museum, Václavské náměstí 68, CZ–115 79 Praha 1; e-mail: jiri_mlikovskynm.cz

Souček J. 2010: The Three-toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts., the Czech Republic. Sylvia 46: 157–161.

The Three-toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) is a typical boreomontane species inhabiting old mountain spruce forests with plenty of dry or insect-infected trees. In Bohemia, the Three-toed Woodpecker occurs regularly especially in the Šumava Mts., the Blanský les hills, the Novohradské hory Mts. and recently has also been observed several times in the Krušné hory Mts. Breeding of the Three-toed Woodpecker in Moravia has been recorded in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts., in the Hostýnsko-Vsetínská hornatina and the Javorníky Mts. Here I report on several observations of the Three-toed Woodpecker made in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts. in 2010, including a breeding event. Based on the findings, a few observations and evidence of signs in the monitored areas, I can confirm long-term occurrence and breeding of the Three-toed Woodpecker in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts.

Address: Bratrušovská 11, CZ-787 01 Šumperk; e-mail: jan.soucek-1seznam.cz

Mlíkovský J. 2010: A 17th century record of the Pied Avosett (Recurvirostra avosetta) from Bohemia. Sylvia 46: 163–164.

Balbín (1679) described a bird, which was unknown to him, in details which allowed its identification as a Pied Avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta). The specimen was collected around 1670, probably at the Labe River near Litoměřice, northwestern Bohemia. It is the first record of this species for Bohemia and the Czech Republic. Today, Pied Avocets occasionally visit the country and rarely breed in it.

Address: Department of Zoology, National Museum, Václavské náměstí 68, CZ–115 79 Praha 1; e-mail: jiri_mlikovskynm.cz

Pavel V. & Chutný B. 2010: An interesting source of colour leg rings for birds. Sylvia 46: 165–169.

We present an interesting source of colour leg rings for birds – HAMA beads. These inexpensive beads are available in toy stores; they are made from durable plastic and easy to apply. The product is imported to the Czech Republic by Lowlands International (http://www.lowlands.cz). The rings are lost by the birds in the same rate as the standard professional colour rings (the interseasonal loss rate tested in the Bluethroat Luscinia svecica svecica was 3.17 versus 2.93%) and their colours are mostly resistant to wear (except for brown and orange). Their major limitation is that only two sizes are available (HAMA MIDI and HAMA MAXI, with inside diameters of 2.8 and 6 mm, respectively).

Address: Katedra zoologie a Ornitologická laboratoř PřF, Univerzita Palackého, tř. Svobody 26, CZ-771 46 Olomouc; e-mail: vaclav.pavelupol.cz

Beran V., Neubauer G. & Zagalska-Neubauer M. 2010: First proven case of a backcross hybrid between the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) and the Caspian Gull (Larus cachinnans) in the Czech Republic. Sylvia 46: 171–177.

We describe the first record of a backcross hybrid between the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) and the Caspian Gull (L. cachinnans) in the Czech Republic. A first-winter individual was observed and photographed in Ústí nad Labem on 2 February 2009. The bird was identified by the individual code of its colour ring. It hatched in a mixed gull colony in central Poland on 10 May 2008, was ringed with a metal clip-ring the next day; a colour ring was added in late May. Its mother was a typical Herring Gull, showing all characters consistent with this species, while the father showed characters of both the Herring and Caspian Gulls (spotted dark iris, slim bill, but lots of black on outer primaries, with the P10 pattern excluding the latter species) indicating that the individual is a F1 hybrid. By plumage, the hybrid individual was inseparable from a typical Herring Gull, but it showed some structural characters of the Caspian Gull. Both the parents and the young from the clutch were genotyped on 9 microsatellite loci, confirming that the observed individual was not an extra-pair sired young. This is the first proved/described backcross hybrid between the Herring and Caspian Gulls in the whole distribution range. History of breeding of large gull species in Poland is described to illustrate the hybridisation process.

Address: Muzeum města Ústí nad Labem, Masarykova 1000/3, CZ-40001 Ústí nad Labem; e-mail: lutraemail.cz

15.11.2010
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